Management principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management principles - Essay recitationdeveloped, it is important to underscore - for the benefit of the managers at MH company - that the global pharmaceutical market continues to grow contempt the global financial downturn and that from 1998 to 2007, the global sales have more than doubled. (Griffin, p. 297) As the leader in the industry, there is a great demand for US pharmaceutical products and that international magnification is inevitable.As the occupation begins to grow, the international market for MH Pharmaceuticals wheelchairs become more complex and diverse. The importance of a dogged strategy to address this challenge implemented by an equally capable international management partitioning is pivotal to the success and growth of the company.One logical strategy in approaching international expansion is entering into a joint venture with local partners. The local partners could allow entry to a dependant market and at the same time draw on local expertise, capital a nd labor. This is particular laborsaving considering the fact that there are differences in the way countries use pharmaceutical products and differences in the regulation by the different governments. Social, cultural and political variables are all coming into play in specific locations for stigma operations.And so, operating with partners who are familiar with a countrys markets, suppliers, infrastructure, government regulations and customers is invaluable in the follow reduction and the speed and ease of setting up a local operation for marketing and sales.The disfavor of this strategy is that it is time-consuming, with all the negotiations taking place. In addition, partnership may not also be practicable MC company if it is concerned with the expenditures because setting up operations marketing, sales and distribution - for this option hindquarters be costly.If the MH Company management rejects the previous strategy, then it could tap the wonders of technology to reach out to its chump market across the globe. The increase of

The New Volkswagen Beetle Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The New Volkswagen Beetle - Research Proposal ExampleIt needs to work on the targets it aims for, the speckle estimate, the price of its product and where leave alone you sell it in order to keep stay on the highest profit. This will require feasibility studies to generate the required standard of meeting its goals. It is a chance to meet the harvest of the society as well as generate new platforms that will position it in a place that will greatly provide to a greater extent chances of growth and determination for the sake of getting the even up position at all judgment of convictions. We will talk about all of these in deeper space through this research.The Volkswagen Beetle had to change its targets and had to replace them from Primary target to secondary target. It used to target the mishandle boomers generation as the Primary target. In this time, the new beetle is targeting two different generations. They are the millennials and the baby boomers. It is a cool car for you ng millennials because it has a trustworthy technology such as the GPS, and has a forward-looking design. Millennials are the primary target for the Volkswagen Beetle. Women buyers were the most for a length of time than men. The secondary target is baby boomers. The Volkswagen Beetle uses the classical marketing to attract the baby boomers and the old generation of the millennials that have a good salary, and only feel tired of work and family life. It also includes who miss their children and who believe that old days were more fun. In this case, the strategy for beetle marketing department is to be the practical vehicle that supports every time you are going to meet friends by playing music and searching in the GBS. On the former(a) hand, Volkswagen Beetle marketer uses the modelling marketing for young millennials by including technology such as apps with iPhones and up(a) the car style to follow the new modern. Volkswagen Beetle uses two different campaigns for the Primary a nd the secondary.The Volkswagen Beetle is German Company interred in the American market in 1949. In 1968, it was selling half meg cars in the only USA. Nowadays, it sells cars throughout the world such as Ireland, Japan, UK and recently China.

Life Expectancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life Expectancy - Essay ExampleStatistics reveal that livelihood expectancy at birth, presently, has enlarged so much that on an average, it exceeds 79 years across the OECD, with a nine year gap mingled with Japan and Turkey, the countries with highest and lowest life expectancy respectively (OECD, 2011, p. 78). This discrepancy in the level of increase in life expectancy in developed and developing countries is a result of the varied factors and conditions present in both categories of countries. However, extensive studies that have been conducted over the past some(prenominal) years have identified that medical initiation, with respect to advancements in medicines and treatment, is the main reason behind increase in life expectancy in both developed and developing countries.Contrary to popular whim that growth in income level or income inequality affects life expectancy, OECD social indicators have evidenced that between the mid-80s and mid-2000s, there is no relationship b etween increasing life expectancy and income growth or between rising life expectancy and income inequality changes (OECD, 2011, p. 79). Furthermore, lower infant mortality rates and the fact of sr. people being able to live longer have characterized the increase in life expectancy, and this has been viable only due to the various medical innovations that took place over the past decades. Thus, this underlines the fact that medical innovation is directly responsible for the increase in life expectancy not only by lessen infant mortality rates, but also by prolonging life of aged people. For instance, death rates arising from coronary thrombosis heart diseases in the US have declined by three-fourths since the 1960s, cancer survival rate has change magnitude from 49% to 67% and deaths from HIV/AIDS have decreased by an astounding 80% (Lilly USA, LLC, 2012, p. 2). However, in order to

W5 BPO GROUP PPP OM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

W5 BPO GROUP PPP OM - Essay ExampleBelow is how the two tools can be applied to the depicted object points.On the case of time spent by the CSRs on the phone for calls that they handled versus calls that they displace to the BAs, this can be classified as one of the seven wastes under the lean production (Abdullah, 2004). specifically waste for wait. Instead of spending that much time on calls to and from the BAs, alternatives that focus on reducing the waiting on phone for response can be use upd. For example text messages and emails could be used, which will defy less time in waiting for response to be given. Since emails and text messages are less interactive between communicating parties, it could save much time and guarantee efficiency at work.On the case point of CSRs giving priority to new-fangled incoming calls over callbacks, this can be said to be misplaced priority that undermines the process capabilities of the workplace. Once there is such undermining of process c apabilities also, effectiveness becomes affected (Meredith and Shafer, 2014). Clearly, new calls come with much enquiry which require a lot of attention, explanations and feedback. Callbacks on the other hand have solutions to problems. As recommended earlier, there can be other forum for new inquiries, for example through the use of emails and text messages so that after finding appropriate responses, those who made the enquiries can be contacted by the CSRs.On the third case point about BAs giving priority to Database Update sub-process over researching calls escalated by the CSRs, it is all important(predicate) to note that such limited priority to calls escalated by the CSRs can bring about deviation from targets, which is against the regulation of the six sigma (Labovitz and Rosansky, 2007). It is said that this situation would lead to deviation from targets because once there is escalation of calls from the CSRs, the time to be

Considering meeting the needs of children of different year groups Essay

Considering meeting the needs of children of different year groups within the force field policy - Essay ExampleThis included sanctions, praise and clarification of the rules within each classroom. The findings showed the key agents of the arrest policy were constant through the school. However, variances were in evidence when it came to reward trunks and sanctions and the execution of them. This led the author to intend that maybe the whole school policy within a school may require an element of consideration towards the needs of children in different year groups.This study compargons whole schools rewards and sanctions policy relative to scholar behaviour, the implementation of these policies and how they meet the needs of the children in specific year groups. This comparative study is justified from personalised experiences working as a teaching assistant in several schools. There always appeared to be similar systems in place where children would earn some semblance of re ward points and then choose a reward from the gift box at the end of the school day or week. Having moved within school year groups it became apparent that were variations on reasons, how many and why reward points were given to the children. From the perspective of content objectives on schools learning environment, it is desirable that classrooms are conducive to optimal learning and teaching techniques. Both rewards and sanctions system are important parts of creating a classroom conducive to learning and teaching at optimal levels. Researchers have consistently argued that a rewards system engages students and thus enhances learning (McLean 2001). It has also been a major content concern that approaches to learning and teaching techniques are consistent across the school, so that all students reach their safe potential. In this regard, a systematic approach to rewards and sanctions system is therefore important so that all students are receiving the same message relative to outcomes

Assignment #2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

2 - Assign manpowert ExampleOne time when dad was the only superstar at home, I tried talking to him about my solar twenty-four hour period. I had a really bad twenty-four hour period but I dont want to just blurt it out to him because to me, the feelings are unnameable and I want to be assured that I will be listened to. So I prayed him how his day went. He replied with a brief story about what happened at the office. When he didnt ask me, I tried asking him another set of questions and none of them seemed to give him the signal that its time for him to ask me. When I got upset, I told him, Arent you even going to ask me about my day? I matte really bad. But he apologized and said, Sweetie, I didnt even know you wanted to say something. You unploughed asking me. If you want to tell me about your day, go right ahead. Only then did I take a crap that men dont instinctively know this non-spoken rule among women. For them, if you ask a question, it is a capacity that you just want information and not comforting.As it was pointed out by Maltz and Broker, one tendency of a woman when it comes to communication is to ask questions. (A heathenish Approach, 38) In my experience in that conversation with my dad, this proved to be true. I believe that this miscommunication was due to gender differences because whenever I ask my mom or my girlfriends about their day or feelings, they always return the question to me. We always ask each other questions but I dont recall my dad or brother asking me. As it was explained in mens features, men make more direct declarations of f figure or opinion than do women. (A Cultural Approach, 38) When they want to say something, they dont ask me first, they go right ahead.Another factor that may have affected the miscommunication in my example is sex role. As it was said in Explanations Offered, having been taught to speak and act like ladies women become as unassertive and insecure as they have been made to sound. (A Cultural Approach,

Leading an Engineering Project Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leading an Engineering Project Team - Essay ExampleThe skill to motivate is an intrinsic component of that. A personal leadership experience is used in this essay to discuss the dissimilar components of leadership (e.g. colloquy, rational thinking, leadership styles, etc.) that atomic number 18 integral to leading couch squads. Leadership and Communication The writer has recently been assigned to an engineering project in Dubai as an electrical supervisor. He belongs to a team of contractor whose job was to assemble and commission an 800-ton crane project. One of his responsibilities as an electrical supervisor is acquire the electrical works done from shipyard supervisors and electricians through efficient communication. Since the workers who carry out the tasks of the project usually agree almost all the information, managers must gain their opinions or feedback to enhance decision qualification, confidence, efficiency, processes, and, eventually, organisational productivi ty, strength, and sustainability. As mentioned by perambulator (2010), upward communication has to be constantly fostered and reinforced, so that people see its something thats value (p. 98). Project leaders must evaluate the formal communication system to determine where there are problems in communication that could detrimentally impact the organisations general wellbeing. ... Some of the members feel offensive when talking to their supervisors. In order to resolve such issues, employees must be persuaded to assess and understand twain procedures and outcomes. Self-evaluation and feedback from other members of the team and supervisors would be very useful (Bass & Bass 2009, 313). It must be stressed to the members that an anxiety to abilities is the integral component of enhancing communication with their supervisors. Successful outcomes rely on the skills of the members of the team. Everybody recognises the need for managers to possess the abilities to communicate with empl oyees. Yet, many another(prenominal) employees ignore the value of abilities when communicating with their manager. Since the engineering project is big but fairly simple, the traditional communication approach may be useful. This model is highly applicable to teams working with a project supervisor. downward(prenominal) communication is simple and fast. But upward communication could provide more benefits to projects composed of only a few teams (Bass & Bass 2009, 453). The decision-making process could be hastened by the electrical supervisor provided that the other members of the team are properly behaved. An upward communication strategy could be used by the electrical supervisor to the projects advantage since he and the other members of the team were all from the same country, sharing a third estate language. Leading Successful Teams Project leadership has to be realistic and concentrate on performance outcomes. level off though project leaders still carry out numerous rol es, such as making schedules of work activities, discussing work allocation, etc., they function more as mentors, guides, and coordinators. Project leaders

My Future in Safety Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Future in Safety Management - Essay ExampleThere is a demand for safety specialists with the understanding of counseling issues this will only increase my marketability within the career field I lay down chosen.(American union of Safety Engineers) I think having the chance to supervise and oversee safety programs and make a fight in my field is inspiring. There are so many industries where the skills I possess, and continue to develop, might be welcomed into. From healthcare to engineering and mining to manufacturing, the possibilities are extreme. I do not think I have made a final decision as to which industry I will enter as yet. However, the income potential for such positions is very encouraging as well. The yearly earnings can range from $30,000 to $150,000 depending on the demand. This financial security with potential for growth is, also, a fantastic incentive within all the industries, as well.(Council on Practices and Standards) I found the PowerPoint presentation pe rtaining to goal mise en scene to be very encouraging. The importance of setting short term goals that are realistic enough to achieve, so you will not be cross in yourself and become disenchanted with ones career pursuits. I think that reminding goals setters, not only, to provide a goal, and be certain that goal has a deadline. If there is no deadline then there is no consequence for not staying on course with your goals proper completion. Lastly, the statement that caught my attention, primarily, for its brazen common star People plan their vacation more than they plan their life.

Microsoft Windows 7 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Microsoft Windows 7 - Research Paper ExampleData indicate that Windows 7 helped Microsoft to increase its foodstuffplace contribution to some extent although some users are dissatisfied with the features of this new version operating system. It offers a number of packages including Starter, Home basic, Home premium, Enterprise, Ultimate, and Professional. The accompany is using a distinct marketing strategy to publicize the sales of Windows 7. This paper will analyze the various feature of Windows 7 on the ground of its market strengths and supply chain management. MS Windows 7 Microsoft Windows 7 was released on 22nd July 2009. It is interesting to note that the company made Windows 7 available to general retail outlets within less than three years after(prenominal) the launch of its predecessor, Windows conniption. By the release of Windows 7, the company aimed to be more compatible with many other technologically developed applications and hardware. This new operating syst em focuses on multi-touch support, a redesigned Windows shell with a Superbar, and a root networking system named HomeGroup (Microsoft Windows, para 3-5). It contains several measures to promote performance improvements. It must be noted that some hackneyed applications included in the previous versions of MS Windows including Windows Movie Maker, Windows Mail, Windows Photo Gallery are excluded in Windows 7. Microsoft has added numerous new features to Windows 7 including handwriting recognition, virtual hard disk support, improved multi-core processors and boot performance, DirectAccess, and kernel modifications and in step-up to this, a new version of Windows Media Center, highly developed media features, and a new calculator with twofold capabilities have been added to Windows 7(InfoWorld). Similarly, Windows 7 is characterized with notable Control Panel feature changes. It integrates improved features such as discover Color Calibration Wizard, Recovery, Gadgets, Workspaces Center, Credential Manager, ClearTye Text Tuner, System Icons, Biometric Services, and Location and Other Sensors to Control Panel and the addition of Windows Imaging Component enables Windows 7 to support images produced in the RAW image format. Significant changes to taskbar functions have been also made (InfoWorld). This product strictly complies with US and European antitrust regulations and provides users with safe internet browsing options. adjacent the launch of Windows 7, the company got exciting response from the market. Within 8 hours of Windows 7 launch, its pre-orders at amazon.co.uk surpassed the number of those had with Windows Vista in its first 17 weeks. It became the highest pre-order level in the history of Amazon, breaking the record of seventh chevvy Potter book. Windows 7 took only less than three weeks to reach a 4% market share whereas its predecessor Windows Vista took nearly seven months to achieve the same. As of 23rd April 2010, Microsoft sold more tha n one hundred million Windows 7 operating systems across the globe and the sales volume grew to 525 million copies by nineteenth January 2012. Reviews of Windows 7 reflect increased usability and functionality as its major advantages attracting users. The CNET rated Windows 7 Home Premium 4.5 out of 5 stars whereas it was rated 4 out of 5 by the PC Magazine. The CNET stated that it is more that what Vista should have been, and it is where Microsoft involve to go (The City is Alive, para 5). Another catching feature of Windows 7 is

'Crime is a Symptom of Wider Malaise' - from the Perspective of Essay

Crime is a Symptom of Wider Malaise - from the Perspective of Positivism and the One other(a) Criminological Theory - Essay ExampleCrime is described in a sociological aspect, the bearing that infringes roughshod law. It can be described in the course of laws, through official police reports of crime, or in the course of victimization surveys of people who are concerned about it, but possibly non involved with the department of police. In addition to this, Crime consists of three principle divisions, 1. the sociology of law, which is an attempt to systematically compendium the conditions under which criminal laws develop and also an explanation of variations in the policies and procedures used in the administration of criminal justice. 2. Criminal etiology, which is an attempt at scientific analysis of the causes of crime and 3. Penology, which is concerned with the control of crime (Sycamnias n.d., para. 4). In general, crime has many definitions. One definition is crime is tha t, an act or an occurrence of inattention that is considered harmful to the social welfare of the community, or to the principles, or welfare of the circumstances, and is lawfully banned. Criminal activities keep increase day by day in this world. The reason behind this could be various, but the crimes should be prevented at any cost, for the wellbeing of the mankind. Crimes happen due to certain reasons. ... Crime is a symptom of wider malaise, I would agree with this record because malaise is a stage of mental depression, a recovering of unease or depression (Malaise 2012). A state of discomfort or stress leads to criminal activities generally. This could be treated and cured by increasing mental health and through anti crime awareness. If the reasons behind crimes are revealed, then the criminals should get curb punishment. Punishments are given to them in accordance to what they have done, and with the aim of preventing them for doing more crimes. But what I feel is, preven tion is better than cure. Policies for preventing any forms of crime should be used awareness should be created in the society, so that criminal activities could be minimized. Punishments should be rigorous, so that those who have the tendency to the criminals should rethink. If the laws and punishments are not severe, it would increase the consecrate of crimes and would produce more criminals. Reasons such as family background, poverty, lack of education etc play a major social function in creating criminals. In my opinion, criminals are not born the circumstances create them as such. Circumstances take to be family background, lifestyle, poverty, lack of education etc. There are many causes for crimes. Here I include 10 causes of crimes. Lack of faith, imbalance, poor judgement, lack of love, poverty, deprived neighbourhoods, being a victim in a compass of events, poor parenting skills, ecological reasons etc (Top 10 Causes of Crime 2007). The governing has the responsibility to prevent crimes and secure the society. So it is the governments responsibility to prevent crimes by implementing various

Asthma. Pathologic basis of disease Research Paper

Asthma. ghoulish basis of disease - Research Paper ExampleAsthma can be divided into contrary groups on the basis of severity of attacks that are mild intermittent, mild, moderate and severe persistent asthma. But typically the asthma is classified into extrincsic asthma and intrinsic asthma. Extrinsic asthma is set off by attribute 1 hypersensitivity reaction haved by an extrinsic antigen. Intrinsic asthma is initiated by various mechanisms including pulmonary infections caused by viruses especially, cold, stress, exercise and inhaled irritants. Some categories classify asthma in accordance to the agent that causes the constriction of air passages for lawsuit seasonal asthma, exercise asthma, occupational asthma, drug induced asthma and asthmatus bronchitis. The genetic susceptibility to example 1 hypersensitivity, chronic inflammation and bronchial hypersensitivity are the major factors that cause asthma. Our immune system contains Type 2 helper T cells (Th2) which is type of CD4+ helper T cell secretes interleukins. The interleukins then promote allergic inflammations and scram B cells to produce IgE and different antibodies. Type 1 helper T cells (Th1) are excessively a type of CD4+ helper T cell which secretes interferon- (gamma) and intereukin-2. The interferon- (gamma) and interleukin-2 activates the macrophages and cytotoxic T cells which kills the viruses and other invading organisms. These 2 types of helper T cells form an immunoregulatory loop that is the cytokines from type 1 helper T cells inhibit type 2 helper T cells and cytokines from type 2 helper T cells inhibit type 1 helper T cells. These two types of helper T cells respond to different immunogenic stimuli and try to destroy them. any imbalance in the regulatory loop of these two types of helper T cells makes it easier for the viruses and agents to attack the bronchopulmonary tree and cause inflammation which leads to asthma. In patient suffering from hypersensitivity as occur in a sthma, when an antigen is presented to the skin, a wheal and glitter reaction occurs. This wheal and flare reaction is clear example of hypersensitivity type 1. In air passages when the allergen reaches the epithelial lining it stimulates the induction of type 2 helper T cells (Th2). The type 2 helper T cells secrete various cytokines such as interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 5 (IL-5). The interleukin 4 (IL-4) then triggers the production of immune gamma globulin IgE by the B cells and promotes the growth of mast cells. The interleukin 5 promotes the growth and activation of eosinophills. The reaction mediated by IgE to the allergens elicit an acute response and late phase reaction. The acute response to the allergens consist of bronchoconstriction, edema, mucose secretion and in rare cases the decrease of blood pressure. The acute response occurs by this mechanism the penetrate of antigens to the mast cells stimulates the secretion of mediators which mediate the reaction. In the case of air passage diseases when the allergens reach the mucosal surface, the reaction of allergens outset occurs with the mucosal mast cells. In this reaction mediators are secreted which opens the tight junction in between the mucosal cells and meliorate the entrance of the antigens to the submucosal mast cells. This reaction causes the broncoconstriction, edema and mucous secretion which is acute response. Vagal stimulation in lungs also called bronchoconstrictio

The Role And Effectiveness Of Strategy In Information Systems Assignment

The Role And Effectiveness Of Strategy In Information Systems Management - Assignment ExampleAn knowledge organization can be described hardly like a group of consistent modules that gather (or get back), manipulate, store, and share vital information to up-hold managerial control within a descent. An IS (information system) is concerned with upholding decision making, synchronization, and influence, information systems management has the potential to as swell facilitate executives and employees explore troubles, think about complicated issues and concerns, and produce innovative and valuable products (Moga & Turner, 2011) and (Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005).An information system includes decisive information regarding a particular business and its adjacent working framework. There are 3 fundamental tasks which are considered as imperative including input data, processing the data, and output in the form of information that the businesses require. Information system m anagement facilitates us to decide for the need to provide latest services and business products. Consequently Information also informs us to start latest marketplaces or to extract from additional marketplaces virtually the world. In view of the fact that with no or proper information, a company cannot successfully passing its business products in the marketplace, the business orders are not processed accordingly.

Analysis poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis poem - Essay ExampleMilton says that he would live to serve God despite his blindness so that he is able to present a received account of his life to God after death, and thus succeed. In this poem, Miltons immense faith in God reflects that provides him with the courage to continue living and facing the hardships of life in spite of his blindness. This faith lends Milton the attention to cope with the circumstances and also inculcates the hope in him that he would get salvation if he frame patient.In To His Coy Mistress, Marvell emphasizes upon the need for his mistress to abandon her coyness and engage in sexual pleasures with him because the cadence they provoke is finite, and they should do all to make their experiences of this world memorable and cherished in every thinkable way they can. Marvell refers to his mistresss coyness as a crime given the finiteness of prison term they have in this world. Had the time been infinite, Marvell would have enough time to wa it for his mistresss bear for sexual engagement with him to form, but the fact is time is finite. Marvell refers to the darkness and loneliness that comes with being into grave that derives reality of all pleasures and leaves nothing behind but ashes and dust. Before, that happens, Marvell and the mistress should use their time in the most satiating way. Marvell much uses enjambment in the first dickens stanzas by putting stops in between the thoughts whereas he does not take a pause to think in the last stanza the poems menstruum depicts the sexual act for Marvell wherein the first two stanzas led to orgasm in the third stanza.The two poems have themes of religion as well as love, though the two poets are on opposite extremes of the two themes. While Milton is an extremely God-fearing man and follows religion by not committing suicide and continuously component part God despite his blindness, Marvell also remembers death but that empowers the idea of using the finite

A critical investigation into the social-economic impacts at a dark Dissertation

A critical investigation into the social-economic impacts at a blue(a) tourism site, particularly Phuket, Thailand - Dissertation ExampleMore ad hocally, the theme aimed to assess the differences in the travel motivations of Thai and Norse tourists. Also, to establish if there are any differences in the motivations by gender and age. The main findings of the research though not very articulately discussed or even clearly or explicitly menti whizzd were 1. Sandanavian and Thai Tourists differed in their motivations to travel to Phuket Thai tourists cause by desire to help and curiosity. The Scandinavians were also motivated by sweet marketing packaging and beauty of the destination 2. Younger tourists were motivated by curiosity 3. Female tourists were motivated by safety There is however considerable digression in the paper throughout on the factors or relationships it set out to assess, the aims mentioned in the abstract and the actual findings. Paper B Summary The paper hyp othesizes that there is no dichotomy between actual dark tourism sites or the in situ sites and the lower-ranking or the created sites that are established among the affected people. It takes the case study of a single created site - Yad Vashem, capital of Israel that is a memorial to the Holocaust or the Shoah. The researcher proposes that Yad Vashem has equal authenticity and acceptance among a specific set of tourists the educational tourists as the actual in situ sites of the Shoah across Europe. The paper was able to establish that in the specific context of the educational tourists visiting secondary site of Yad Vashem, there was no difference in their experience and feelings about the authenticity of the site. 2. Identify the research methodology adopted for each paper. Primary search Secondary Research Paper A Research method/s employ Mixed regularity (Qualitative and Quantitative) Literature Review Population/Data set(s) For Qualitative Members of the Thailand Tourism industry (tour operators, hotel managers, staff members of the Tourism potence of Thailand, members of tsunami memorials ) and For Quantitative tourists who visited Phuket post Tsunami Searching for articles in databases -focused on tourism in Phuket post tsunami -focused on dark tourism in general -philosophical and opinion articles on thanatourism Sources of information For Qualitative Interview using one question For Quantitative Self-Administered Survey Questionnaire with information on tourist behaviour, travel motivation and personal demographic characteristics Journal Articles, Books, Opinions, and Newspaper articles Sample Used For Qualitative (n=8) -2 tour operators -2 hotel managers -2 staff member of the Tourism office of Thailand -1 local administrator of the tsunami memorial at Kamla beach -3 Scandinavian tourists at Phuket For Quantitative 250 Thai and Scandinavian Tourists Sampling Method(s) Used For Qualitative Snowball taste of stakeholders of three tsunami memo rial monuments in Phang Na and Phuket and capital of Thailand For Quantitative 1. Single Stage Cluster Analysis to select 3 hotels for tourists in Phuket 2. Convenience sample of Thai and International tourists (only Leisure Tourists )from local Bus Terminals and beaches. Excluding Residents of Phuket 3. Purposive Sampling at Bangkok aerodrome to select Phuket Bound non-Phuket resident leisure tourists Paper B Research method/s used Qualitative Case Study Method Literature Review Population/Data set(s) European Teachers who were educational Tourists interested in knowing about the Holocaust and Jewish history Searching for art

Internal Controls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Internal Controls - Essay characterThe accounting function should be given to an individual who does not have the custody of the collections (Meigs & Meigs, 1993). There is a possibility of the intellect usher and the record keeper working together to under-report the collections made, with a sharing of the pocketed amounts. They butt work together to undermine the system. If the head usher were to count the collection in front of the separate ushers, it could serve as a counter-verification of the collections. But here again there is a possibility of the head usher working together with the other ushers to pocket some gold. In fact the Rector of the church should be present when the ushers gather together, give their separate collections to the head usher and then the total money is put together and counted. The installation of a surveillance camera in the basement room in secret, and another on the way down at a strategic point should be cultivated without anyones knowledge except for the Rector of the Church. Another loophole is available because the Church asks all check contributors to wangle their checks payable to Cash. This amounts to giving a chance to anyone who pockets a check to cash the money without being detected.

Plagiarism Excuse Essay Example for Free

Plagiarism Excuse EssayThis letter is regarding the heyday on violation of the Universitys Student Code of Conduct. I comprehend that plagiarism is a crime, it is unconventional to copy nearly one elses work or even idea without giving the reservoir credit for his work. But, my assignments, term reports and coursework are never plagiarized not even a single bit, I always make it a point to cite my entire work appropriately. The reference list I induct at the end of my coursework clearly reflects where I have taken my work from. However, my luxate this sentence was that I forgot to properly do in-text citation of the things I took directly from the authors text I should have put those lines that I copied directly from the authors document in quotes and then should have cited it both internally and at the end of the paper. I comprehend that I made a mistake by forgetting to put the authors words in quotes, but my intention was not to know or commit a crime. All of this happ ened completely unintentionally.The work pressure I was going by means of at the time of submission and continuous distraction by of clients and employees just made me feel dark and I completely forgot the basic requirements I had to fulfill in completing the paper. Sir, I am informed that the university is very strict regarding the rules it has towards plagiarism. I am not irrational and foolish enough to submit a plagiarized paper in college and ruin my upcoming. I realize that it is better to shed tears for some time because of getting a bad grade in a course rather than cernuous my entire purport by submitting plagiarized work.I am a student who cares about his schoolman career and wants to achieve a lot of goals in life. I can be a incite contributor to the university I am even capable to become much more than that if I am provided with the opportunity. enjoy dont take this away from me because of my one silly mistake which I affiliated by coincidence, this university has taught me how to be a better person and has changed me. I feel a part of it and the popular opinion of being separated from it is so painful.I want for your maximum cooperation as my future is in your reach My life, my education, my respect in the eyes of my friends and colleagues is at stake and I may not able to contribute any charge due to my silly mistake. I also fear that any action or charge against me will have a very negative effect on my health and business. Sir, Please consider my statement that I had no intention to plagiarize in any circumstances to begin with taking any step against me as it is a matter of my whole life .All my life I have studied very hard , was a brilliant student in crystalize and a good person with everyone . I assure to the disciplinary committee with full confidence that my future paper will not be affected by any personal and business issues and I will pay full attention to all the universitys disciplinary requirements. I also hope tha t the reasons I gave to proof myself innocent will be taken into consideration. Reference Gilmore, B. (2008). Plagiarism Why It Happens and How to counteract It. Heinemann

Costs and benefits of the migration Essay Example for Free

be and benefits of the migration EssayThe costs are highly experienced in the developing countries than the developed countries. The migration of the practitioners leaves the medical organisation being completely inadequate to carry out its mandate on top of the m both some other problems such institutions already faces. at that placefore, the first major cost faced due to the migration is the lack of the institutions to set up the demand medical care to the citizens. This becomes worse when it is non possible for the institutions to replace the manpower lost. This means that those left empennage to work in the institutions will have to be overworked while still being paid the dinky amount they utilise to receive. The more(prenominal) the employees are strained, the more they are pushed to look for better working conditions elsewhere making the situation worse (Stewart, Clark Clark, para 11). The other cost comes in form of the investment funds that has been used in t he training of the practitioners who migrate. approximately of the developing countries subsidize or entirely sponsors the training of these practitioners.It thus implies that the investment the government tells in such personnel is lost when they migrate to the developed countries. The major benefits that this migration brings fag end be categorized into the subsidences that the practitioners send to their home countries, and the skills they get due to the exposure. The amount sent home is more cardinal in improving the economic life of those left behind and the nation as a whole. This remittance plays a signifi croupet intention in the practitioners country of breeds economic system in form of foreign funds.This has made some countries like the Philippines to train more nurses and sent them to invest in developed countries and thus contribute to the Gross National Product growth (Tujan, para 15). Most of the developing countries do not have enough medical facilities. Ther efore, when the practitioners moves temporarily to the developed countries, they get to be exposed at high levels of technology which makes them have improved skills that will plays a significant role in developing the medical system in their home country when they go back.This implies that the country of origin might save a manage in terms of what could have been spent in specialized training or higher education for the practitioners. The major problem with this however is that, many of the practitioners do not return home, and when they do, they have retired hence not productive. In the developed countries In the country of origin, the migration causes a lot of costs than the benefits. However, on the receiving countries, the benefits accrued are higher than the costs incurred. The issue of recruitment within any organization is usually a costly affair.enlisting of the immigrants is thus more costly than local recruitment. This can force the organization and the government to pa ss the extra costs to the consumers increasing the cost of living in the society. The cost can also be experienced in the course of resettlement of the immigrants (Stilwell et al, para 7). There are some instances in which the immigrants are willing to take up some policies set by a government more than the local practitioners. For instance, working in form of contracts or part-time.Many of the locals do not agree with this, hence when the immigrants seem to agree with such a policy, they are usually recruited in favor of the locals, and this will generally affect the wages of the local practitioners, which will further go put through affecting the tax bracket of the receiving country. In a case where the locals see that they are competing with the immigrants, there can be low morale and reduced commitment in the working. This might be looked at in the micro economic level as affecting only the firm however, the macro-economic effect has to be put in consideration.The most importan t benefit of the professionals inflow from the developing to the developed countries is experienced when there is no shortage of the practitioners. This means there shall be improved provision of health care services. The local practitioners in developed countries mostly would need to be paid higher remunerations as compared to the immigrants. Therefore, if the immigrants are employed, it means they shall provide medication at a cheaper rate which will go down reducing the cost that could be passed to the consumer.On the other hand, the government will benefit from the taxes that will be collected from the foreign practitioners (Crush, pp 7). finale Both countries have some benefits and costs they get when the professionals migrate. However, as argued, most of developing countries get more costs than the benefits from these acts. It is thus important that the concerned stakeholders should come up with policies that would see ethical migration between the receiving and send country so that no country benefits at the expense of another.Work CitedCrush J. The Global Raiders Nationalism, globalisation and the South African Brain Drain, 2002. Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 56, Issue 1, pp 4-7. Kapur D Mchale J. Should a Cosmopolitan annoy about the Brain Drain? 2006, Journal of Ethics International Affairs, Vol. 20, Issue 3, pp 11-15. Stewart J, Clark D Clark P F. Migration and Recruitment of Healthcare Professionals Causes, Consequences and Policy Responses, 2007. Retrieved on October 28, 2008 from http//www. focus-migration. de/The_Migration_and_Re. 2496. 0. html? L=1.Stilwell B, Diallo K, Zurn P, Dal Poz M R, Adams O Buchan J. Developing evidence-based ethical policies on the migration of health workers conceptual and practical challenges, 2003. Journal of Human Resources for Health, Retrieved on October 28, 2008 from http//www. human-resources-health. com/content/1/1/8. Tujan A. Health Professionals Migration and its Impact on the Philippines, J ournal of Asia Pacific Research Network, 2002. vol. 6, Issue 1. Retrieved on October 28, 2008 from http//www. aprnet. org/index. php? a=showc= flock%206%20March%202002t=journalsi=5.

Canters Behavior Management Style Essay Example for Free

trots Behavior Management Style Essay tumultuous port in the civiliseroom has become one of the most common issues in the educational crop negative behavior non only affects the pupils but the teacher as well. In order for a companyroom to function in a positive manner big(p) the student and teacher the trump show up environment to operate proper behavior and decorum argon essential. There are many theories and agree models teachers adhere to in modern classrooms of today one of the most influential in the area of match was developed by Lee and Marlene Canter. The Canters are both teachers and authors their most famous check is called assertive arrest which is a how to book on how to rid the classroom of unwanted behaviors. The Canter train theory is establish on teacher needs, wants and feelings. The Canters believe teachers sport their own chastises which embroil the following The right to establish classroom rules and procedures that produce the optimum le arning environment, the right to insist on behavior from students that meets teachers needs, the right to receive booster in disciplining from both parents and school administrators when support is needed.These rights are based on the Canters Assertive Theory. All teachers must clearly communicate what they hold back from their students and that there are consequences should the rules not be followed (Canter, 2011). The Canters believe in a take control approach to the classroom. Their philosophy is teachers are there to teach and students are there to learn, misbehavior should not interfere in this equation. The Canters teach educators to take dash in the classroom and be assertive concerning their own wants and needs to their students.Examples of what the Canters communicate to teachers that are used in the classroom wariness today are be straight forward with students, use firm tone of voice, birth eye contact when speaking, use both verbal/non-verbal communication and conti nually state the teacher wants and needs. match to the Canters if the educator can use the above on a continued stand discipline should take care of itself (Kavanagh, Lang, 2000). The following is a case study of a discipline caper found in classrooms.The information below is from a behavioral situation at an elementary school located in Phoenix Arizona. A nine year old student by the notice of billy club (4th grader) is exhibiting roiled behavior in a class reported by the teacher. The student ( billystick) comes from a broken home where the father left the family unexpectedly a few years back. The m new(prenominal) deep re-married, the new spouse has a daughter roughly the same age as Billy the alliance between Billy and his new sister is not considered ideal.The new spouse often confronts Billys mother in a loud voice in front of the children, the atmosphere is not considered causative to a family environment. Billy is having issues inside as well as outside the classr oom. The issues outside the classroom are in the form of arguments with fellow students and a lack of respect for teacher authority on the playground. intimate the classroom his lush behavior consist of talking when the teacher is talking which is not only disruptive to the teacher but other students as well.Billy will also speak out of turn, instead of raising his hand to answer a question he will simply blurt out the answer, he will also during this time mimic his teacher in a disrespectful manner. His heed to detail and attentiveness overall in the classroom continues to decline on a daily basis. Billys behavior seems to be a reflection of his new family environment. He seems to have authoritative issues and whitethorn not like his teacher Billy seems to have a big problem with the teacher when confronted openly (in front of class) about his misbehaviors.Billy also has problems with his desk partner who is female and calls attention too many of his misbehaviors. jibe to Cant er the educator should always have a goal of creating an environment where positive teaching behavior is the norm and necessary in order to achieve the goal of effective teaching despite disruptive students such as Billy. The teacher must attempt to control disruptive students such as Billy in a manner various from his/her current teaching model.Accordingly, the teachers classroom management send off in the area of discipline must be evident even in a class where there are very few children exhibiting disruptive behavior. Without a discipline management plan students such as Billy would continue along their path of disruptive behavior. The focus of Canters discipline model is the concept of teacher rights in the classroom. The Canter method is to show educators how to take charge in the classroom by taking into account student rights in conjunction with teacher rights.The right to mature behavior.In the case of Billy the Teacher should start with the basic right to have good beha vior from the students (Billy). This right should be sic at the beginning of the school year when the teacher redeems the set of rules. This right should also be made available to the parents of every student.The right to expect support from parents/administrators. In the case of Billy parents must be made aware of the situation and support the teacher to help Billy correct the discipline issues. Billy also has basic rights in this situation The right to have teachers who help them develop by helping them limit self-destructive and in arrogate behavior. The teacher according to Canter can do this with simple actions such as a strong toned voice or by making eye contact. For Billy this can be dealt with at a few different levels.First make eye contact with Billy when the teacher feels the behavior is wrong, if this does not work consequently a stern voice , if this does not work talk to student privately voicing behavioral expectations and lastly if all the above does not do the job include the parents/administrators (Turrell, 1999). The right to have appropriate support from their teachers for their appropriate behavior (Canter, 2011) According to Canter this is done with positive reinforcement allow the student know when student is presenting appropriate behavior. In the case of Billy always pointing out the negatives and not giving positive reinforcement when he displays good behavior will not produce a rich disciplined student, the educator must have a balance.The right to choose how to behave with advance intimacy of the consequences that will logically and certainly follow (Canter, 2011).Every student should know at the beginning of class what is deemed appropriate behavior and if an act of misbehavior is executed consequences will follow, this should all be spelled out the send-off day of class in the class set of rules. Canter said Assertive teacher is more effective than the nonassertive or the hostile teacher. The teacher is able to maintain a positive, caring, and productive humour in the classroom. A climate of care and support produces the climate for learning.Canter believes the educator must present balance in their teaching approach, an educator cannot over emphasize the positive or the negative, if one outweighs the other the learning environment cannot be productive (Ferguson Houghton, 1992). This is done through the Canter discipline model called Assertive Discipline. In Billys case it appears his home life is interfering with his behavior at school, it seems he is mimicking the behavior of his new father in some ways and it is up to the teacher to let him know these types of behaviors are not appropriate by using the Canters Assertive Discipline model.

War in Iraq Essay Example for Free

War in Iraq EssayWar is one of mans horrific undertakings that tarnished the beauty of what life has to sourer. According to conjuration F. Kennedy, this is why mankind must mould an end to war or war will put an end to mankind. One grave example of a country that has been affected by perpetuated wars is Iraq. Is it justifiable that the get together States to intervene in the war in Iraq? The U. S. intervention in Iraq was triggered by Gulf War in the early 1990s. As a result, the Iraki parsimony was shattered. The war was sparked about by Iraqs resurgence of old territorial claims against oil rich Kuwait. Saddam Hussein called for the annexation of the Bubiyan and Warbah islands at the mouth of the Shatt al-Arab, and and so giving Iraq a clear passage to the Gulf. He in any case accused Kuwait of illegally siphoning off oil from the Ar-Rumaylah field, one of the worlds largest oil pools, which the two countries shared.Hussein threatened to use twinge against all Arab o il producers, (including Kuwait and the get together Arab Emirates) who exceeded their oil quotas, and accused them of collaborating with the United States to strangle the Iraqi economy by flooding the market with low-priced oil. This has prompted the Operation Desert Storm in 1991, which evolved into a wide confederacy offensive against Iraq by the coalition forces. Sanctioned by the United Nations Security Council, the offensive was consequently called the Gulf War (Rajaee, 1993, p. 93).After that, Iraqs problems grew into larger proportions. More recently, Iraq has been the most active battleground in a U. S. -led war on terrorism, a campaign declared by the current Bush electric pig in the aftermath of a terrorist attack against the U. S. on Sept. 11, 2001. In March 2003, the U. S. led a coalition of 35 nations in Operation Iraqi Freedom, an invasion whose goals included curbing the threat constitute by Iraqs weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and toppling Husseins governm ent.The world had been witnesses to images of U. S. soldiers helping a herd of Iraqis topple a statue of their leader, Saddam Hussein, in a square in the Iraqi capital, Baghdad. The scene attach the approaching close of a three-week-old U. S. -led war in Iraq, aimed at ousting the long-time U. S. adversary. The statues fall also served as a symbol of the end of Husseins repressive 23-year regime, which had brought war and ruin to the ticker East nation of some 25 million pile (Wishnick, 2004). Viewing the statistics, the Iraq Body Count stick out (2006) estimated that there had been 47,083 to 52,222 civilian deaths.More than 1,500 U. S. military forces had lost their lives just to satisfy the mission of waging war against Iraq. In terms of economics, the United States had already spent $505 billion of taxpayers funds on the War in Iraq. The terrific death toll and the economic burden that the Iraq War has caused prompted some staunch critics to indemnify the necessity of wagin g this war.However, supporters of this Iraqi campaign had countered that the overthrow of Husseins government has made the global community a safer place. U. S. troops, work in conjunction with Iraqi security forces, are successfully marginalizing guerrilla insurgents. Once Iraqs representative government can support itself and Iraqi security forces are ready to police the country on their own, the U. S. will reduce the number of troops stationed in Iraq. Both sides have valid arguments about the Iraqi War, but which is more sound and justifiable? Will the U. S. policy on Iraq be for the greater legal of the whole world and not just a proud exposition of the military might of the United States?Will this be the viable solution to the ongoing campaign against global terrorism? In my opinion, no war could ever be justified by means of preventing further damage and the U. S. intervening and containing the war. Although the target was good, we have seen the ravaged city of Baghdad on our TV screens and we would see the pain in the peoples faces. Lives will continually be lost if the United States continue the policy of intervention, such as what happened in Iraq.Thus, Americans should continue to condemn war because, as peace-loving citizens, we have seen throughout history that no war has brought upon any positive effect for any nation.Works Cited Rajaee, F (ed). The Iran-Iraq War The Politics of Aggression. Gainesville, FL University closet of Florida, 1993. Wishnick, E. Strategic Consequences of the Iraq War U. S. Security Interests in Central Asia Reassessed. Carlisle Barracks, PA Strategic Studies Institute, 2004. Iraqi Body Count. Retrieved online 29 February 2006 at http//www. iraqbodycount. org/

Democracy and the news Essay Example for Free

Democracy and the news EssayThis composing will look at the different ship canal the media reflects and actuates beau monde by examining the various kins that exists in the midst of the media, the enunciate and the citizens. It will firstly define key terms, allowing for argu able-bodied words to cook a specific and continuing definition throughout the paper. Three key ideas, focalization around the relationships between the media and the articulate, will mention up the major part of this paper namely how the media preserves the give in, how the state affects the media and failed causes by the media to affect the state. Examples of each concept being discussed will be included, showing the notion in practice. Relationships between the media and citizens will also be examined and discussed, again apply examples to show each in action. The relationship between the media and citizens will be discussed, examining the ability of the media to influence the semipublic, the publics ability to influence the media and failed attempts of the media to influence the public. The conclusion of this paper will detail the role of the media within society, how it operates and different functions it twain performs, and attempts to perform.The media is a constantly changing medium. It includes television, newspapers, magazines, journals, radio, cinema, advertisements, and synergistic multi-media. It can also include the Internet, video games, mobile phones and computers ( OShaughnessy Stadler, 2002 ). No undisputable definition of the term media exists, however, for the plan of this paper the following definition given by OShaughnessy and Stadler ( 2002 ), will be understood as conclusive.The media argon technologically developed and economically profitableforms of human communication, held either in public or clandestine will power,which can transmit information and entertainment across time and space tolarge pigeonholings of people ( OShaughnessy S tadler, 2002 Pg 4 ).A democracy is the notion that power and authority is vested in the people, ( Singleton et al, 2000 Pg 4 ). In Australia, citizens vote for representatives that make up the parliament, and the party holding the majority form Government. Government operates at three levels Commonwealth, state and local. parliamentary members are held accountable and responsible for their actions, and numerous institutions designed to check and balance power exists to ensure this occurs.Citizen is outlined in The Macquarie Dictionary ( 1994 ) as being a member, native or naturalized, of a state or nation, ( Pg 187 ) and will adopt this definition throughout this paper.The print and electronic medias ability to broadcast information both quickly and widely across society allows the media to successfully enact the role of public watchdog ( Wheeler, 1997 Pg 238 ). The media feeds citizens information. The public is informed of what occurs around them and abroad, who their politici ans are, how they look and sound and important issues being suggested, debated and implemented within government activity. Politician diarist relationships are inherently collusive. Each needs the other to achieve their objectives ( Franklin 1998 ). Politicians require the services of journalists for their messages to reach the prevalent public and journalists need politicians in order to cover politics ( Ward 2002 ). The relationship between the state and the mass media can quickly become vulnerable. The media holds a particular power, which can see it become an agendum setter for society.Not only politicians realise the importance of the media as a platform from which to speak. Pressure groups prove out the media in order to publicize their objectives. Those that successfully use the media acquire a community status, which has the potentiality to morph into a political status, from which opposition to political ideals, occurrences or similar can be passed on to citizens. E xamples of such groups include Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace and Amnesty. These groups can become oppositional spokesmen to government form _or_ system of government, sources of information and social commentators on legislation or policy ( Negrine, 1989 Pg 163 ). The media uses these groups as an officialauthority, as they are recognized and respected organisations within the greater community, a status gained through use of the media itself.Examples exist where journalists can be seen as propaganda agents for politicians. The term manufacturing consent is describe by Robinson ( 2002 ) as the power of the government to set the news media agendas, ( Robinson, 2002 Pg 12 ). Entman ( 1991 ), examines an example of this with two incidents from the 1980s. The medias contradictory handling of two circularizecraft speeds, the Korean Airline and Iran Air, despite case similarities, proved the presence of political persuasiveness. some(prenominal) resulted in a large loss of ci vilian life, and both were the result of military mistakes. The Iran Air shoot-down for which the US was answerable, was described in terms of a technical failure, ( Robinson, 2002 Pg 13 ). The Korean Airline shoot-down, set up by the USSR, was framed as a moral outrage, ( Robinson, 2002 Pg 13 ). The US media covered these two incidents as instructed to by US administrations and, says Entman ( 1991 ), chose to neither challenge nor point out the facts presented to them by the state ( Robinson, 2002 ).The combination of Western governments interfere during humanitarian crises, and the considerable media attention given to dire circumstances abroad, saw the relationship between the media and the state linked as contributing factors, namely with the media encouraging the state to intervene ( Robinson, 2002 ). This trend became known as the CNN effect ( Robinson, 2002 Pg 1 ). Media coverage was proclaimed to influence policy-makers, resulting as either a necessary or sufficien t factor in producing a particular outcome, ( Robinson, 2002 Pg 37 ). The CNN effect ( Robinson, 2002 ) adheres to the fact that definitive policy decisions lie with the policy makers, but media coverage can encourage policy makers to see that a decision is attained ( Robinson, 2002 ).An example of media coverage contributing to humanitarian intervention is that which became known as Operation consult Force , an action led progressively by the US into Bosnia between 1992 and 1995. The war in Bosnia was the biggest conflict resulting from the dissolution of the FederalRepublic of Yugoslavia ( FRY ). Bosnia broke away from the undermined FRY and fighting began in 1991 between Bosnian government forces on one hand, and Bosnian Serb nationalists and Yugoslav army on the other. The latter two intent on creating ethnically pure regions in Bosnia ( Robinson, 2002 Pg 73 ). Pressure mounted in the US for intervention and as the war continued, US involvement increased, culminating in 1995 when the US became directly involved with the Bosnia war. This occurred later the 1994 Sarajevo market place bombing.The media expelled a do something ( Robinson, 2002 Pg 82 ) attitude and it came at a time when US policy-makers were unsure of just how much force they should exude. Holbrooke ( 1999 ) believes a CNN effect ultimately persuaded the US to act. The eventual retort that came from the US was a threatened use of massive force, should the Serb nationalists fail to cease actions against civilians. The reason the West finally, belatedly intervened was heavily related to news media coverage, ( Holbrooke, 1999 Pg 20 ). Media influence, however, cannot entirely be held responsible for the US intervention. Avoidance of a humiliating UN withdrawal, along with the credibility and competence of the US can also be considered contributing factors. ( Robinson, 2002 Pg 85 )The media can also attempt to set an agenda and fail. When politicians are certain of their policy, med ia coverage can have virtually no influence in encouraging a policy change ( Robinson, 2002 ). The war in Kosovo, also a result of the FRY dissolution, proved an area of much controversy between US administrations and the media. Albanian Kosovars, disheartened with a lack of international support, supported a Kosovo Liberation Army ( KLA ). KLA attacks on Serb forces were answered with considerable force, which included civilian targets ( Robinson, 2002 Pg 94 ). Two contingency plans were decided upon the deployment of ground troops, and the use of air strikes, and were to go ahead should Serb forces continue attacks against Albanian civilians. US air strikes prevailed, but appeared to have little affect on the Serbian military.The US media became critical of the actions undertaken, and it became clear that the general community consensus lent toward a group campaign into Kosovo. It was concluded by Robinson, ( 2002 ) that although a large section of media coverage in the US advanc e the deployment of ground troops, it added little pressure on the government todo so ( Robinson, 2002 ). Not all media outlets chose to criticize the policy-makers however, and a minority were seen supporting air attacks, ( Robinson, 2002 Pg 109 ). This example shows that although a CNN effect was clearly present, it failed in its attempt to influence policy change.Two theories suggest ways of understanding the relationship between the media and society. Firstly, it is suggested the media reflect the realities, values, and norms of a society. The media act as a mirror of society ( OShaughnessy Stadler, 2002 Pg 28 ). Secondly, it can be said that the media affect how people ring, believe, and behave. The media construct our values for us and have a direct effect on our actions ( OShaughnessy Stadler, 2002 ). two theories will be discussed.The media role includes both identifying issues of public concern, as well as acting as check on the abuse of power, this generally being political power.Journalists describe society to itself. They seek truth. They mystifyinformation, ideas and opinions They search, disclose, record,question, entertain, suggest and remember. They inform citizens andanimate democracy ( White, 1996 Pg 288 ).It is important to note that journalists, similarly to politicians, are held accountable for what they report. business engenders trust, ( White, 1996 Pg 288 ). Journalists in Australia are answerable to a self-regulatory and industry funded board known as the Media, Entertainment and liberal arts Alliance.The media often influences and reflects the priorities of communities or societies.The media is reliant on advertisements for revenue. In order to lure businesses to advertise, the outlet must attract consumers. This sees mediaoutlets selling the news, opinions and human-interest pieces that appeal to the values, opinions and sense of the greater market, namely, the readers and viewers.Increasingly, it is im manageable to dis cuss the media without broaching the subject of public relations. Public relations professionals are most apt at using the media to suit their needs. They create the stories and feed the media with them, highlighting those facts they want known, and keeping the undesirable ones hidden. If a cause requires the attention of the general public, it is possible to entice the media to cover it by creating newsworthy conditions. Politicians employ public relations professionals, who are often professional journalists, to liaise with the media.Obligations of the media to the citizen are to represent, show and evaluate ( OShaughnessy Stadler, 2002 ). The majority of citizens receive their knowledge of global issues through media outlets. The media explains these occurrences to the general public, giving them an understanding of what they whitethorn not otherwise know. The media can be seen as an educational tool, giving understanding of the norms, values and realities of society to citize ns ( OShaughnessy Stadler, 2002 ). The real power of the media lies in its ability to agenda set ( Ward, 2002 Pg 404 ). The media may not be able to tell people what to think but .. they are remarkably successful in telling audiences what issues to think about, ( Cohen, 1963 Pg 13 ). The media can act as societys definer, giving meaning and understanding to situations and occurrences.Although the definitions and explanations may not inevitably reflect the attitudes of the subject experts , the power of the media can quickly see misinformation become the general consensus. Since the September 11 terrorist attacks, the term terrorism has been misinterpreted within the media, and used to describe what academics in the field would not label as terrorism. Debate is strong regarding the issues of media censorship, with allegations, arising more and more frequently, regarding violent, sexually explicit and disturbing films, comics, song lyrics, Internet sites and books. infringem ent behaviour is often said to have been motivated and inspired by such mediums.In Australias majority rule referendum held in 1999, 18 of Australias 20 daily newspapers supported a Yes vote, ( Ward, 2002 Pg 404 ). Despite this, the majority of Australians voted against Australia becoming a republic. Media scholars are aware that media campaigns will not alter political views of those with existing political opinion and loyalties. An change magnitude minority however, are influenced by media propaganda and media content may prove valuable during elections in the more marginal seats ( Ward, 2002 Pg 404 ). The example of the republic referendum could be seen as an attempted, and ultimately failed, use of the CNN effect on society._________________________________________________The to a higher place discussion is in reference to situations within western democracies. Other political systems, including dictatorships and less democratic regimes, eg. Zwimbabe, USSR, and china use t he media differently, tending to control opinion and political views, and thereby dictating public viewpoints. Prior to the recent elections in Russia, many of the non-government television stations were taken over or shut down, and had to change their influence and affiliations to begin with being allowed to broadcast again. This saw the public denied access to media that presents a point of view different to that which the government wants citizens to have. Hitler shut down all newspapers during his leadership and produced his own, preaching his messages to the masses, this undoubtedly contributing to the large number of Germans that became Nazis.Media proprietorship is an essential element in this debate, and it is vital to recognize the regulations regarding media ownership in Australia. The federal government of 1986 sought-after(a) to ensure that media ownership remained as diverse as possible. A person owning a television permission cannot at the same time own more than 15 per cent of a newspaper produce in the same city ( Singleton et al, 2000 Pg 308 ). 1992, however, saw legislation altered to allow more than 15 per ownership, provided the owner is deemed not to be in control ( Singleton et al, 2000 Pg 308 ). In a democratic society it is always possible for the alternative point of view to be presented, and for the most part, all sides of debates are considered.The media affects and reflects. It can act as an agent of propaganda and it can set the agenda. It can influence, or be influenced. The media, the state and the citizens are interdependent, each needing and using the other to inform and be informed. Western democracies will continue to see a balance within the media and the information it contains, as media ownership laws ensure the media remains democratic.BIBLIOGRAPHYCohen, B. 1963. The Press and Foreign Policy. New Jersey Princeton University Press.Entman, R. 1991. inning US Coverage of International News Contrasts in Narratives of the KAL and Iran Air Incidents . Journal of Communication 41(4)6 27.Holbrooke, R. 1999. No Media No War. Index on Censorship, 28(3) 20-1.Negrine, Ralph. 1989. Politics and the Mass Media in Britain. London Routledge.OShaughnessy, Michael Stadler, Jane. 2002. Media and Society, An Introduction. 2nd Edition. Victoria Oxford University Press.Robinson, Piers. 2002. The CNN exit The myth of news, foreign policy and intervention. London Routledge.Singleton, Aitkin, Jinks Warhurst. 2000. Australian Political Institutions. 6th Edition. Malaysia Pearson Education Australia Pty bound / Longman.Ward, Ian. 2002. Media Power. Government, Politics, Power and Policy in Australia. Summers, John ( Ed ). NSW Pearson Education Australia Pty Limited / Longman.Wheeler, Mark. 1997. Politics and the Mass Media. Oxford BlackwellPublishers Ltd.White, Sally. 1996. insurance coverage in Australia. 2nd Edition. South Yarra MacMillan Publishers Australia Pty Limited.

Teams in Organizations.Group dynamics for teams Essay Example for Free

Teams in Organizations.Group dynamics for teams EssayTeams in OrganizationsIntroduction Teams ar important part of any minded(p) brass section or company. There ar a serving of profits which companies digest advance from their teams which include sharing of work load as surface as sharing of ideas in the company leading to increased plan inwardly an constitution. In all(prenominal) establishment, there argon various departments guessing on the type of operations which be carried out deep down the organization (Clegg, Kornberger, Pitsis, 2011). The number of departments will influence the type of teams and the number of teams that an organization will pack. Furthermore, the composition of the teams will depend on the number of people within the departments. It is important to check teams within organizations since there is a lot of benefit which crapper be generated from having teams as part of operations in the company, thereof the view presented by Tom P eters is agree adequate.Impacts of Teams in Companies/Organizations It has been noted that there are various benefits which can be realized as a terminus of having teams within companies and organizations. As Tom Peters, (1987, p296) insisted, there is need to organize and have teams that are foc calld in achieving specified objectives and goals within organizations. The benefits or tinges of teams in organizations and companies includeIncreased productivity Productivity is an important part that companies attain to achieve. Every company often strives to attain high productivity and accordingly increase its sales in the long run and therefore more profits. When an organization is organized in form of teams that work unneurotic in collaboration, it becomes calorie-free for the company to attin high productivity since the teams are suitable to share the workload and therefore produce more(Clegg, Kornberger, Pitsis, 2011). When there is increased productivity as a result o f teamwork, it agent that there are increased chances of making more profits and meeting the objectives and goals of the company. Therefore, it is important that organizations should be organized in teamsMaximization of resources The other benefit which has been noted through research is that of increased maximation of the resource which are available within the company. When the company is organized in to teams, it is indulgent to manage how the resources of the organization are being used and then ensure that there is uttermost use of the resources for the greater benefit of the company. Furthermore, it has been noted that when an organization is organized in to teams, there is ease in the allocation of the resources of the company (Levi, 2011). It is easy to formulate budgets which can be sued by each teams hence the resource of the company are allocated fit to the budgets that he team provides. This ensures that there is square-toed control on the resources of the compa ny. What this means is that there is no wastage of the resources within the company. Therefore, it is important to have teams within an organization or company.Accountability Accountability is an important aspect within organizations and companies. Majority of companies look for accountability through various strategies and hence teams forms one of the strategies which the companies and organizations have been able to use(Clegg, Kornberger, Pitsis, 2011). When employees are divided in to teams, it becomes easy for the management to make follow up and hold employees accountable for their duties and actions in the operations which they carry out. It is easy to identify where there are mistakes when employees are divided in to teams and hence reduces the amount of time that is used in identifying faults in people. Teams help in enhancing accountability within organizations and this means that there are reduced cases of defaults within the company as well as improved performance(Cle gg, Kornberger, Pitsis, 2011). When employees go through that their team will be held accountable for their part that they undertake in the operations of the company, they will strive to ensure that they succeed in the tasks which they have been assigned. Therefore, the view presented by Tom Peters is agreeable and teams should be promoted within companies.Time Management Formation of teams within organizations helps in the management of time within organizations and companies. Teams are given specific duties and tasks to carry out of which they are needed to accomplish within specified time. Therefore, when the teams work together, it becomes easy for them to complete the task within the time frame provided hence ensuring that there is no wastage of time(Levi, 2011). The teams make use of time in an effective way hence improving the efficiency within the company since the teams are able to share the work load hence it is easy for the employees to carry out the assigned tasks. Th is shows that the fitting and top hat way that an organization can operate is through teams which can help save a lot of time within the company as well as motivate the employees to work spartan and improve on their efficiency.Innovation and creativity Organizations such as Google Inchave developed and continued to provide the best products in the market as a result of innovativeness within the company. This has been contributed to by the aspect of teamwork within the company. some other organization which has continued to benefit from team work is Apple Inc. This company has been able to produce fibre products as a result of innovativeness of its teams. Therefore, when an organization or company puts its employees in teams, it provides them with the opportunity to work together and share ideas which lead to innovation(Clegg, Kornberger, Pitsis, 2011). There is constant sharing of ideas among the employees which helps to enhance their ability to solve problems and come up w ith solutions as well as new ideas that will benefit the company. Innovativeness and creativity is important within organizations because it helps in the production of high quality products and services which meet the needs of the customers(Clegg, Kornberger, Pitsis, 2011). When the customers are provided with high quality products or service through innovation, it means that an organization or a company will be able to increase its customer base as well as its revenue hence its profitability. Therefore, the view that has been presented by Tom Peters that organizations should be put in form of teams is agreeable based on the positive impact that it has on innovation and creativity within companies. However, there are issues that affect the effectiveness of teams within organizations or companies. The difference that exists between employees, such as cultural diversity, often affects how teams function. It is quite a contend to have a team that will put aside their cultural differ ences and work for the benefit of the company. There are employees that work well when assigned duties alone without having to work as a team(Levi, 2011). Therefore, it calls for the management of the company to realize that teams do not function all the time under every situation. There is need for proper analysis of the employees to find out if the idea of teams will work pout and generate the required and maximum results in the short and long run. Furthermore, it is to be noted that different organizations have different composition in terms of departments. Some of the departments cannot be organized in to teams due to the reason that they perform similar duties hence organizing them in to team will not change anything in their operations(Clegg, Kornberger, Pitsis, 2011). The differences in the employees create a challenge for the management within organizations when there is need to formulate teams for the purpose of sharing the workload that is available. Therefore, this could mean that teams whitethorn not seem as the suitable way to go in ensuring success within an organization or company.Conclusion It is important to have teams within organizations since there is a lot of benefit which can be generated from having teams as part of operations in the company, hence the view presented by Tom Peters is agreeable. Organizations that have teams have greater benefits as compared to organizations or companies which have not organized their personnel in to teams that can collaborate for the benefit of all. Teams are important in enhancing accountability, time management, maximization of resources and minimization. Furthermore, it has been noted that teams helps in enhancing innovation and creativity within companies hence organizations are encouraged to organize their employees in to teams that are manageable.ReferencesClegg, S. R., Kornberger, M., Pitsis, T. (2011).Managing and organizations An introduction to surmise and practice. Sage.Levi, D. (2011). Gro up dynamics for teams. Los Angeles SAGE.Source document

Knights in shining armor Essay Example for Free

Knights in lustrous arms EssayWhen we think of bucks, we may think of the saying knights in shining mail imagining them rescuing gentle damsels in distress from harms way. But in reality, knights were much more(prenominal) than that. Being a knight represented much more than we could hitherto comprehend. Knights were one of the principal qualitys of the medieval times. They were soldiers who had an obligation to servicing the force during armed forces combat. In exchange for this service to the king, the knight would receive a position in the kings Court. They existed during the period of the 12th through the 17th centuries in the European area, but afterward went on to other areas much(prenominal) as Japan and India. The knight of Europe therefore had his origins in military and economic need. His role was of a warrior, and in some cases he was little more than a cap rewarded for his aggression. But if in order to be successful, he had to take his role in the milit ary seriously. As time went on, success required more than dedication it required loyalty to his king in friendship as well as strategy and ingenuity on the passage of armsfield.Medieval knights did not just acidify into knights by any apparent reason. There were many certain work outs that determined whether hands could become prox knights. The first factor was to be born into a high noble class family and the other factor was by proving he was worthy of the title by showing his strength and courage through appointment combat. In the first case, the boy from an early age of eight years old began his process of cooking by taking a series of classes and instructions like chivalry, melody and weapons in order to wreak his intellectual and physical self. He practiced his battle skills on a wooden dummy called a quintain.Later on they would only make emphasis on combat because they were more bodily developed. This would be by the ages of fifteen or sixteen, becoming a squire o r a servant of some other knight where he helped the knight get ready in the morning, serve all of his meals, care for the knights horse and clean his armor and weapons. He also assisted his knight on the subject area and on what concerned his personal training he began to learn how to handle a sword and a lance while riding his horse with all of the required armor on. It wasnt until the age of cardinal that the squire would be able to become a knight by proving he was worthy of this title. at once they became knights, they were granted special suits of armor. They first consisted of pieces of metal covering the entire body but then evolved to a more flexible material, Plate. This type of armor offered better protection and gave more flexibility than the metal material. to boot to this armor, knights were also given up a long spear or better known as a Lance and also a two-handed sword called a Mace. The sword was the knights of import weapon, accompanied by a metal Shield to c over himself from the enemys attacks. Other weapons that were given to knights include the crossbows and longbows.Inside the training of knights there was something very important that was taught to them called The Code of Conduct and Chivalry. Inside it, many of its points included the knight was bound to defend his lord or liege, care for his lands and his people and in the later(prenominal) centuries this code of chivalry was expanded to include conduct in courts and public functions. A knight was expect to protect those less of lesser rank than himself and to hold himself to the highest standards of combat and knowledge in religion and writing, music and leadership. (www.knight-medieval. com) Even though this code was formed with the rules that it was, ironically it was not applied for everything, for example the peasants. They were often obstreperous to common folk. They could sometimes rape young peasant women without fear of being scolded just because they were part of the upper class. Knights participated in rigorous Tournaments every once in a while. These Tournaments were made for the knights to practice their skills, develop more strength and practice warfare. Tournaments were essentially mock battles with audiences.The audience was usually made up of fair damsels. This was some other way in which a knight was expected to act chivalrous. The tournaments had different rules that had to be followed. They were judged by umpires that watched for fallacious play. Tournaments were usually fought between either two people or two teams. If two people fought a tournament, it was usually by jousting. (www. thinkquest. org) Also the tournament was a way for warriors to practice working together and at the same time use their other mounted combat skills. It was also a proving-ground for knights looking for service.Combatants wore the armor they always wore in battle and used the same weapons they used to kill their enemies. It didnt matter to them that t he men they fought were their fellow colleagues in the tournaments, they were the enemy too. In the early tournament, Chivalry did not apply. No one held underpin or tried to avoid killing their opponents. There were even knights who practiced what was known as a Count of Flanders technique, which involved waiting until late in the combat, then joining the fray and attacking degenerate and worn-out fighters and thus easily winning their belongings. (Snell, www. historymedren.com) Over time, the tournament became a great event. It was organized by heralds and announced to the public weeks in advance. Processions took place, and evening banquets were given. Ladies in finery looked on from the gallery, giving chosen knights a favor, such as a scarf, to display as they contested. Prizes were also held out. The life of a knight in a majority of aspects was determined by his king. The king had the control of his knights life, career and future and in extreme cases, the King even had a say in whom his knight should marry and to whom he should precede his post or properties after his death.Even though the knight was in charge of his property, ultimately it was his kings decision to take this or these lands away and even give them to anyone else he pleased. The main property a knight could own was his Castle. The castle was a private fortress where his family and servants resided. It was a community unto itself everything unavoidable for daily living was made inside its massive walls or grown (or hunted) in the surrounding land. (Snell, www. historymedren. com) non only did knights look at their effects on society inside the timeframe they existed, but in todays society we are still living the effects they created.The days of the steel armored knight have all but passed though some true knights do indeed seek to strengthen their character and their arms through the practice of arms, today the knight must rather rely on the armor of his soul to defend himself, seeking to ennoble himself in the same way as his ancestors-by his deeds. (Price, On Knighthood) righteous as they did back then, knights still seek to obtain their honor through demonstrating their strength in battle but also defend what they believe in through mouth and word.Some knights today quest for this goal through the tournament or martial art some through confraternal organizations that defend philanthropy and support their cause as well as advance the causes of right. Like in history, none of these groups, even less the nobles within them, will attain the ideal that drives them. Bitter divisions sometimes are the best companies of knights, quiet ushering them further from the basic ideals that empower them, starting them on the journey to vainglory that defeats humility, overcomes charity, makes a mockery of courtesy, and in short blackens the heart against chivalry.Today there are many paths that lead to knighthood. You can seek social status in a knightly order yo u can use a martial art or the tournament. But these are all external, not worth very much unless the spark of knighthood is ignited within them. The spark of nobility that has been recognized since the earliest age within certain men and women of character and nitty-gritty is the one that truly defines what a knight can really be, especially in todays society.Works Cited Knights, Castles, Chivalry, siege engines and everything Medieval 2007-2008 Kalif Publishing http//www. knight-medieval. com/ The Medieval Knight 1997 Thinkquest 10949 Team http//library. thinkquest. org/10949/fief/medknight. hypertext markup language Price, Brian R. On Knighthood July 29,1996 http//www. chronique. com/Library/Knights/knitessy. htm Snell, Melissa. Knightlife 5 A Castle in the Background 1998-2000 http//historymedren. about. com/library/weekly/aa062698. htm

Womens Issues Essay Example for Free

Womens Issues EssayThis research was conducted from an investigate concept through personal interviews of minorities and egg-producing(prenominal) administrators, Human Resources executive recruiters, through journals, articles from websites, peer publications, and secondary research of studies performed through entropy collection and data analyzation. The various articles and journals reviewed will provide an overview of the glass ceiling, address the problems and challenges, identify the types of barriers and trends, and propose a solution.Through this pick up we will attempt to measure whether organizations recruitment process, criteria, and strategic plans ar aligned with the goals and accusives to brook the needs of the organization and better identify the best qualified candidate and improve the organizations bottom line. Glass hood Overview Definition The glass ceiling is defined as the invisible exclusively real barrier through which the next stage or level of progress can be seen, save can non be reached by a section of qualified and deserving employees.Such barriers exist callable to implicit prejudice on the basis of age, ethnicity, political or religious affiliation, and/or sex. Although generally illegal, such practices prevalent in most countries (www. businessdictionary. com) Overview The analogy glass ceiling is a terminology used rather often in corporate America to best identify just how far women or minorities progress to or will rise up the corporate ladder.Many feel it is often impossible for that demographic to exceed beyond the level of mid-management and although we have made some strides and have increased the number of women and minorities come in todays workforce, its no surprise a slender fraction of those have successfully risen to the executive level in the corporate environment. Problems and Challenges Women Women face greater barriers and rely on strategies for advancement that be different from those of th eir male counterparts (Lyness and Thompson, 2000).There are many ways dissimilitude against women exists, such as job segregation, to-dos in compensation, sexual harassment, inability to participate in career developmental opportunities, lack of forthcoming mentorship programs, and the lack of career advancement opportunities. According to a report from the federal bipartisan Glass Ceiling Commission (1995), 95% to 97% of senior managers of Fortune 1000 industrial and Fortune 500 companies are men, yet white males make up only about 43% of the workforce. The same study describe that only 5% of senior managers in the Fortune 2000 industrial and service companies are women.These commission findings are specially striking since women make up nformer(a) half of the workforce (www. highbeam. com). One would have you consider the success of women career both economically and self gratifying can only be double-dyed(a) if and only if there is a change in behavior. We want to believe t he selection process is objective and carefully thought out. Yet, others expect the process to be about the single(a)s performance and merits and in concert the choice is based on the right fit for the organization. I conducted a total of 22 individual personal interviews, 11 of which included female executives.When asked what were some of the challenges they faced throughout their tenure? The responses varied but the one thing each clearly stated was learning the language of the male predominate role. Other challenges provided were Advantages males have related to social net workings Lack of mentorship Wage gaps for comparable work Work-life balance Shadows of the herald Minorities The remaining personal interviews conducted were with 11 male minority executives. When asked what were some of the challenges they faced throughout their tenure?Again, the responses were in variations however each clearly identified race was the greatest challenge. But, the one thing that I op en to be quite astounding when each expounded on race as an issue, was they all made the finis in their career they would not make this their problem, yet it would be others. What I got out of those words was without excuse there cannot be acceptance. Other challenges provided were Respect Removal of identity crisis Externally viewed before internally judged study inferiority (studies outside of the U.S. ) Mindset of organizational promotions Human Resources Meeting with executive recruitment representatives, I institute they in fact face many of the same challenges women and minorities face. As a recruiter their responsibility first and beginning(a) is to stay in-lined with the organizations mission and vision. tho finding the most qualified candidate is the biggest challenge. In terms of demographics, they aggressively seek to recruit more women or minorities for those positions because there is such a small percentage currently in place.Unfortunately if the candidate is not the right fit or if matte the cultural and/or environment carry an abundance of testosterone, many of the female executives are driven extraneous which begins the recruitment process. Another challenge is with the selection process and not being able to question the decision-making peculiarly when clearly felt other candidates were possessed more qualifications. Glass Ceiling Barriers Types The gender wage gap if asked is probably the biggest challenge women executives will give notice (of) you they encounter.A study conducted by the National Census sureness showed U. S. omen still earned only 77 cents on the male dollar in 2008, gibe to the latest census statistics. That number drops to 68% for African-American women and 58% for Latinas (www. time. com). When speaking with one female executive she explains one of the biggest challenges she faced would be the initial promotion as an executive. She indicated she was very excited because she knew the promotion was not only well deserved but she would be the only female executive within the organization. However in looking back she realized how the male dominant environment worked as she would only ask round a 3% pay increase.She regrets that decision but stated she attributes who she is today because of that ominous event. Discrimination or harassment is other challenge women and/or minorities face in achieving executive positions. African American executives feel to survive this culture it is essential remain true to themselves. However women executives will tell you there is a constant misrepresentation related to the gender and the ability to maintain as their counterparts. Although illegal, discrimination and harassment occurs subtle and overtly, with the glass ceiling harassment being the most difficult to prove.Work and family is another major challenge women face because many of the female executives are made to choose between working long hours and their family while their male counterparts dont have to make such decisions thereby heavy(a) them the opportunity and ability to put in those extra hours. The lack of mentorship is to a fault challenging. One of the interviewees stated high profile jobs at the executive level will require more of your time. It is felt that males can actuate and detach, however females feel an excuse has to be made.Women enter the business environment in the early stages of their careers and in many instances are usually on the same level as men. However, according to the gild of Human Resource Management (SHRM) studies show in the next 5 to 10 years, men have the appearance _or_ semblance to benefit from upward career movement more than women, in part because women do not identify mentors as easily as men (www. shrm. com). Some organizations have recognized the need to assist in getting mentors and have also implemented training and development programs in support of women and minorities to develop mentoring relationships. leadership Challenges Roles and responsibilities Many female and minority executives say leadership can be quite challenging especially being in the shadow of a predecessor. For women achieving this role, it is a constant second guessing of management styles. clear men and women possess different leadership styles. However one group may view as more of the nurturing role whereas counterparts are viewed as having no personal or emotional ties and are in sufficient of relating to personal issues. Many women feel like the outsider at the executive management level.They also have to deal with the shrewdness of having to prove they belong in that role. One of the interviewees is a Captain in the Police Department who not only was the first female she was the first African American to curb that high ranking in the organization. One of her greatest challenge is having to constantly prove that she fits into this male dominant career. Many decisions are questioned and she often times finds herself h aving to put on the hardcore role to show she is capable of performing her roles and responsibilities while her counterparts are received with blessings.